Gas-generator.



0. H. ENSIGN.

GAS GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30. 1008, l 1,079, 1 1 8. Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

0. H. ENSIGN.

GAS GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED APILSO. 1908.

hwg, 1 l@ Patented Nov. 18, i913.

5 BHEBTSBHEET 2.

A www 0. H. ENSIGN.

GAS GENERATOR. APPLIGATION FILED Aman. 1900.

1,0719,1 18, r Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET -L 0. H. BNSIGN.

GAS GENERATOR.

AEPLIGATIOH TILBD APILSO. i908y 1,0'79,1 18. Patented Nw, ia, :1w-s.

for www@ This regulating means is so designed as to @ld'lllil p DEVILLE H. ENSIGN, OF MADISON, WISCGNSIN.

To ZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, OnvILLn Il. Existen, a citizen of the United States, residing at Madison, in the county of Dune and State of `Wiseonsin, have invented a certain new and Improved Gas-Generator, of which the following s a full, clear7 concise, and exact description, reference being had to the ucoempanying drawings, forming a part ot this specification.

My invention relates to that class of gas generators or producers in which a fuel, preferably. in liquid form, is .ted into a chamber adapted to withstand high temperatures and there partially consumed andv dissociated through the agency of an air blast, the air supplied by such blast being insuliieient, however, to produce a complete combustion of the fuel. The partial combusti-on produces a high temperature which serves to dissociate the remainderot' the Vfuel and turn the same into gaseous form, which gases maybe drawn from the dissociating chamber and used as desired.

In my invention I prefer to employ liquid fuel rich in hydrocarbons, such fuel, for in stance, as petroleum oil.. I have found that in former generators for producing gas in this way a large amount ot coke Vwas produced, and it is an object; of my invention to eliminate this undesirable feature by supplyine' steam to the gases in the dissociating4 chamber at such a point as not to interfere With the partial con'lbustion and thus lower the temperature oif the chamber, but rather when the gases have become dissociated and it is desired to cool them and combine them into a fixed stable form. I have found that the steam thus introduced is acted upon by the very het gases and is broken up and in this broken-up condition readily combines with a large part of the coke and incandescent carbon particles with. the result that the gas produced is greatly enriched, little if any coke is formed in the dissociation' chamber and the carbon remaining in the fixed gas is practically all in the form et lamp black, which may readily be separated from the gas by well known processes.

My invention also consists in improved means for regulating the flowof oil to the dissociating chamber in proportion to the amount of gas "drawn oil trom the generator.

Specilcatlon of Letters Patent.

Application tiled April 30. 1908.

Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

Serial No. 430,224.

maintain practically constant the relation of the oil and air supplied to the dissociat ing chamber for all demands upon the gcneralor, as a result of `which the quality of the gas produced Iis maintained practically constant.

Another object of my invention is to facilitate the uniform supply of oil to the dissociuting chamber for any given demand upon the generator' 'by maintaining practically constant the temperature and thus the viscosity ofl the oil..

In my invention I multe use ot a restricted opening or orifice in the main used to supply the air to the dissociatiuur chamber, s a result of which different pressures are produced, which are made use oil directly to control the supply ot' oil to the dissociatinu' chamber by the use el: two associated oil receptacles. one oit' which is. in communica tion with the dissociating chamber in such a manner that the oil therein is subjected to the pressure of the chamber while the other .receptacle is subjected to the pressure of the air main on the opposite side oi the orifice. Oil is permitted to llow ilrom one receptacle. to the other by a suitable passage-- way or conduit, and hence when the presn sure in the dissociating;1 chamber is less than the pressure in tho air main. which is slways the case when the gas is laken 'irour the generator, the difference in the pressures in the oil receptacles may be taken advair tage of to supply oil in proper amounts to the dissociation` chamber.

Another object of? my invention is toiautomatically regulate the amount of uil' supplied to the dissociating chamber in proportion to the amount ol gas taken from the gencrz'itor.

The several drawings illustrating my invention are as follows:

Figure l is a diagrammatic view of my generator and parts associated tluircwith necessary to constitute a cou'ipiclc gesproducing plant; Fig. 2 is a sectional view ot' the l gcnerator proper; Fig. 3 is a 'view oi the front of the generator proper taken from the left as seen in Fig. 2; Fic. et is a View of the side of the generator away' from the observer in the view .shown in Fig. El; Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, show in detail thermostatic means for maintaining practicaily constant the temperatme and viscosity of the cil used ior use in the generator.

as fuel; Fig. 10 is a detail view of the adjustable oriicc in the air main; Fig. 11 shows a modified form of inclined plane Similar numeralsv refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Fig. 2, 'the generator proper consists in a chamber l, formed preferably of cast iron and lined with a fireaesi'sting material 2, as lirebrick or fire clay o-r simil ar material ot high heat-resisting qualities, and communicatng with this chamber l by an orifice 8 is a receptacle for the oil to be supplied to the chamber and partly burned therein. This irst receptacle communicates by a passageway or conduit 13 through an adjusting valve14'with a second receptacle 10, into which the oil is led by a pipe 4 and in which the level of the oil is maintained practically constant by Weir edge 9, the level of the oil being maintained normally at such a height as to flow over this Weir edge and into the outlet pipey 18, from which it returns to a proper tank, in the manner to be explained. Immediately below the orifice 8, inside of the chamber 1, is located an inclined plane 6, down which the oil entering bythe critico 8 may flow. Below the lower end of the inclined plane 6 is located a cupehaped casting 90,between which and the in clined plane air is caused to iow trom the supply pipe or main 3 through the orifice 5 and into the chamber l. The orifice y5 is located in the air main 3 just before the main discharges into the part of the chamber 1 under the inclined plane 6. A connecting 4pipe 11 is used to connect the air main 3 elow the orifice 5 to the inside of the inclosed receptacle 10. In the upper portion of the chamber 1 is located a hollow casting 65, connected 'by the pipes 67 and 67a through the top of. such chamber with the tank or drum 66. The casting 65 during the operation lof generator constitutesv a heater for converting water contained therein into steam and he drum 66 serves to contain the supply o'i water required and to also of the chamber by means of pipe 91, such i' ythe chamber 1.

pipecommunicating through the valve 74 with pipe 72 located in the rear portion of with a series of openings 73, from which the steam is discharged in jets in a direction to- Ward the outlet of the chamber and against the rear wall thereof. The drum 66 is supplied withy water through the pipe 29EL and is automatically controlled by the valve 69, op-

This pipe 72 is provided' Lineale by posts 92 and 93 and is provided with an outlet connecting with the vertical stack or flue 94, which isialso lined with irebrick 2 or similar material and which terminates in la return bend 95 of comparatively large radius, from which the gas passes to a second pipe or flue 96 downward as shown in Fig. 1 to a water seal 60, from whence it passes to the washing tank 62 and from such washing tank into a gas holder 55 from which it is supplied by means of the pipe 54 through valve 59 for any purpose desired. The water seal 60 is provided with an overllow seal 61 to take care of any excess water delivered to the water seal 60. The return bend 95 has connected to its middle portion a vertical pipe 63 extending upward and terminating in a relief valve 64 for a purpose to be explained.

As shown in Fig. 1, the oil supply pipe 4 connects through valve 97 with a supply tank 23 which is lled with oil by means of a pump 22 from the oil tank 2O through pipe 99, such pump 22 being operated by means of jack shaft 50 driven by an engine 51 ator. The tank 23 is provided with a suitable overllow lpipe 100 leading back to the main oil tank 20. The overflow from pipe 18 passes through the trap 19 and thence by means of the pipe 21 to the main oil tank 20. The jack shaft- 50 also operates an air blower 49, by which air pressure is produced in the -main 3. A relief valve 52, adapted to be operated by avlever 58, associated with the blower 49, as a result of which any excess of pressure produced by the blower opens the valve and as a. result a uniform pressure is maintained in the main 3, the amount of this pressure being determined by the wei ght 53 on the lever 58. The gas holder 55 is adapted to engage lever 56 when such holder is in its upper position, and as a result ot such engagement serves to open the relief.

valve 52 by means of the cord 57 connected between the lever 56 and the lever 58.

.operated by gas produced from the gener- The operation ot the generator is as fol--I lows: In starting the generator'the valve 64 is opened and then a primingxcharge of oil is admitted from cupl 1.01 by means of Valve 102 into the chamber 1 above the upper end of the inclined plane 6, and as this oil {iows down the inclined plane it is ignited b'y the insertion yinto the chamber 1 of a piece of lighted waste or some equivalent material through the opening 84 in the side of the chamber 1 near the lower end ofthe inclined plane 6. The opening 84 is normally closed' ,by means of a gateas indicated in Fig. 4.

it the samegtime that the priming charge is ignited. air is admitted in small quantities from the air main 3, and as a result combastion is produced, and theproducts offV the combustion or partial combustion in the chamber 1 and the iue 94 slowly pass out ill) through the relie'f valve 64. The llow of air through the orifice cannot take place without a dillcrcnce otl pressure between the ainsupply main 3 and the chamber .1, and therefore the pressure on the surface of the eil in receptacle 103 is reduced below that et the pressure f ron'lniunicaled from the air main 3 through the pipe 11 to the surface oit' oil in the receptacle 10. The oil is thus caused to flow through the valve 14 which is at this time opened by means of the handlo 1G being moved to a horizontal position, and the level ot' the o il in the receptacle 103 is raised until it overflows the outlet edge and, passes through the outlet opening S and down the inclined plane (i. During the starting of the generator it is4 advisable to govern both the air and oil supply manually until the generator.' has warmed up sullicicntly to properly produce the gas automatically. Thls may be done by adjusting the size ot the orilice inl a manner to be explained and by means oi valve 102, thereby regulating the supply oliar and liquid fuel.

'llic amount oil' oil supplied to 'the inclined' plane (i is regulated by means of the valve 141 by adjusting nut 15 until this quantity or", od bears such a relation to the amount of airI supplied from the main '3 through' so hunted that the air passage into 'aber l remains practically the same, oil collects in the cup or not. If ,un ext 're amount of oil flows imo the cup in the casting 9() it overllmvs into a second cap il) trom which it is drained oil' at interries through the pipe 104: by means of 'ralvc E0.

lho air entering the chamber l is first directed upward and 4under the inclinedr plane 6 and tinally through the opening 7 into the main portion oLt' the chamber l, the result; o this being that the inclined plane l is kept comparatively' cool and the oil running,v down such plane docs not carbonize thereon and the inclined plane is kept clean.. .lhc casting 90 is prevented from having` the eilio'o vits upper surface carluinixed by a walter jacket formed therein supplied with running water through pipes 7S and 7S, in a manner well understoxai.

'the action of the heat upon the oil as it lows down the inclined plane is that the lighter andmore 1volatile portions of the oil lall of the oil, and the portions of the oil rein the upper portion of the castare vaporized by the heat almost immediately after the oil enters the chainberl, and in this vapor condition they readily unite with the oxygen of the air entering the chamber and in this way produce the heat required to `vaporize and dissociate the remaining portions of the oil. The amount ol oxygen admitted from the air mainB is not sullicient, however, to completely oxidize roaming unconsumed are heated by the combustion in the chamber 1 into incandescent condition and the particles of carbon remaining uncorubined are carried in this incandescent condition, together with the products of combustion, to the rear and upward in the chamber 1 and directed gradually, without abrupt change of direct-ion, into the vertical stack or flue 94, in which flue the process of cooline, combining and fixing begins, which continuesl throughout the flue, the return bend and the pipe 9G, as a result of which when the gas reaches the seal (i0 it is in stable condition and all that is required is to separate from it the lamp black or free carbon still contained in it. When the gas enters llue 91 it contains a considerable quantity of free oil in volatilized condition, which oil is gradually mixed andchaug'ed in condition as it passes through the flue tial and pipe 9G until after beingr sutlieiently cooled as a result of the intimate associaticn with the other products of the combustion its nature is changed and a lixcd gras is the result. 'lt has been found 100 that the oil drops collecting from time to time upon the lower edge ol the inclined plane (i as carried through the burninggascs by the air blast are consumed in part, leaving' small pellets ot' eolie as a residue, which 105 rapidly collect on the rcar wall of the chamber l. unless uuans are lalcen to prevent.

ln my invention I introduce a steam jet at such a point as to mingle with the `gases after dissociation. and I find that this jet ot .steam attacks the oke that would otherwise be deposited, and, owing to the highly heated condition of the coke` th'c slcam is broken up and combines with a portion ol the coke, the remainder olE which is carried ou by the gases in the 'forni'ot' lamp black. The pipe T2, from which the steam jets issue, is so located and protected by the fire brick as to oll'cr no resistance to the flow of gas from thc point ol combustion toward the discharge flue, owing to the location ol the pipe 72 and the condil ion ol the gases when they reach the steam jets. These jets have. no efl'cct upon the tenmeralure olf' the dissocialilhg zone, and are so placed that thc steam 'is decomposed without materially cooling,r the. temperature of the gcneralor. ln this` connection, il might be pointed out that the olliee ot' the flue .Oil and pipe llo is not to extinguish the burning gases, since all of the combustion desired is complete and the gases are extinguished before they reach the flue 94. The function performed by the flue 94 is to hold the products of semi-combustion and the dissociated fuel in a Zone. of high temperature, mingling them with products of decomposed steam until further recombination has taken place to a'certain extent; the return bend 95 and the pipe 96 perform the double function of carrying away the gases to a suitable receptacle and of further enriching the gases. It has also been found that a layer of lamp black is deposited upon the inside of the flue 94 andA more or less intorthe pipe 96, which layer of lamp black is in an incandescent condition and readily combines with hydrogen coming in contact with it, which hydrogen may result from the breaking up of the steam admitted from the pipe 72, the result of the combination being to produce of a hydrocarbon form. A further action taking place in the combining iue 9i, return bend 95A and outlet pipe 9G may be described as follows On account of the combination of the air with a portion of the fuel as the air enters the generator, a considerable quantity of carbon dioXid is produced as a result of the complete combustion of that particular portion of the fuel. dioXid passes through the generator andinto the combining iue 94, in which, due to the very high temperature and the presence of carbon in an incandescent condition on the inner Wall of the co ibining fine, and also in suspension ini the ue, the carbon dioxid unites with a portion of this,carbonfavith the result that one molecule of carbon dioxid is broken up,'and by the additionl of' the carbon transformed into tryo molecules of carbon monoxid. 'lf the steam were admitted at any other place than what might be called the tip of the flame, the result would be to cut down thecritical temperature of the combustion at the instant of dissociation and also to prevent the action of thebrokenup steam upon the colte deposited on the rear Wall.

The heater is so located in front ofthe opening 8. as to protect the same from the direct action of the flame and the heating surface of this heater is so proportioned as to deliver just the amount. of steam from the jets 73 that is required to properly enrich the gas produced at that time by the generator. Vhen less gas is required opting to the filling of the gas holder 55 and the opening of the relief valve 52 the tennierature in the chamber 1 is reduced and the amount of steam produced is also reduced and in the right proportion to maintain the quality of the gas practically constant.

In the operation of the generator it has i been found desirable to maintain the temperature and viscosity of the oil constant in This ca rbon' order that the difference in pressure between the 'air main 3 and the inside of the cham ber 1 may properly regulate and vary the amount of oil delivered through the`opening `8 on to the inclined plane 6, This is acccrnu -plished by providing'a Water jacket for one or both of the receptacles 10 and 103, either hot or cold Water being supplied to such Water jacket as required by suitable means to be described in order to maintain practically contant viscosity of the oil that the outlet opening 8 is just slightly above the Weir edge 9, as a result of which When the pressures in the chamber 1 and the air main 3 are equal, the levely of the oil in the receptacle 10Will be the same as the level of the oil in the receptacle 103. These recep-y tacles are so designed that for any given difference in air pressure between the air main 3 and the inside o-f the chamber 1 and for a given adjustment of valve 14 an amount of oil Will be supplied through the 'conduit 13 and through the opening S to the inclined plane- 6 that will bear a certain ratio t-o the amount of air entering the chamberv 1 through the opening 7 for this condition,

-which ratio will retnain practically constant for 'varying amounts of air supplied to the chamber 1.

The means just described for regulating the fuel supply is very sensitive and permits Wide and rapid variations inthe quantity of gas produced Without any perceptible change in the quality of such gas. It has been found, however, that the amount of friction experienced by the oil in going through the various passagesrand through the opening 8 does not vary in directly the same ratio that the quantity of oil delivered does, and, further, that the variation in velocity of the air in the air main causes a variation in pressure in the'receptacle 10, as a result of which it has been found desirable to use means as shown at 105 for adjusting the air pressure in the receptacle- 10 relatively to -the air pressure in the main 3.

The adjusting means 105 .consists in a tube extending into the main 3 below the orifice 5 and having a curved inner end, as a result of which by turning the tube 10.5

the velocity of t-he air in the main 3 may be made more or lless of a factor in determining the pilessure in the receptacle y10. The tube 105 may be adjusted by means of handle 106 and the air pressure is communicated from such tubethrough openings 107 into the hollovv'casing -108 and there-l through into pipewfrtl, thence int' tirage receptacle 10.#:23211 tbiis Imayia-regueditiesfilata'15u .80 .ber 1. The level of the lower flat Wall of Btl lli

either to 4variation in air velocity or resist-` ance of the various cil passages may be compensated for. It has also been found that it is desirable to make the lower surface olf the opening 8 tlat and ot considerable width relatively in order to maintain practically constant the ratio of the oil supplied to the inclined plane 6 relatively to the amount ot air admitted to the chamber 1 from the main r, he means employed to control th supply of water to the water jacket Q4, 25 surrounding the receptacles and 103 is a thermostat 35, as shown in Figs. 5 to 9, inclusive, supported in the oil in one of the. receptacles, as in the receptacle 10, from a bracket fl-4t projecting from the-top of auch receptacle. The thermostat 35 consists oi two metals of dissimilar expansion coeflicients riveted together, as a result of which for variatioiis in temperature the free end will move in one direction or the other and thisy movement is caused -to make Contact between such free end and the contacts 3G and 26a supported by an insulating block 47 from the top of the receptacle. The contacts 3G, 3G are connected to binding posts 416, 4S connected through wires 110and 111 with one terminal of each of the electromagnets 37 and 37 respectively. the other terminals ot" lwhich are tied together and connected by wire 112 with battery 113, the other terminal of which battery is connected by wire 1111: with the easing ot the receptacle 10. The clectromagnets 37, 37 are so mounted as to attract the armature 48 in one direction or the other and by such attraction to move a bucket 3Q carried by the shaft 4f() upon which the armature 48 is supported. The bucket 39 is carried in a easing 115 in such a manner that its upper end is beneath the. lower end of nozzle 31 when the bucket is in one poi-iition and the lower end ot' the nozzle 51SL when the bucket is in the opposite position. the intermediate position of the bucket being betweeil these two nozzles. '.lhe lower end of the bucket 39 opens into a passageway 11G connected with pipe 712. 'lilozzles 21 and 31 are arranged to be supplied with hot and cold water respectively by means of pipes 28 and Q9 by valves 30 and 301. The hot water supplied by pipe 28 is Aturuished in the arrangement shown herein by means of a coil 27 surrounding a portion eti the tlue 94, said coil receiving its supply 'trom the water supply pipe 26. From the construction described it will be seen that when the valves $30 and 80 are open water will be supplied to the nozzles 31 and E3 1.n and there will always be water trom one or both ol these nozzles" delivered inte the casing 115 outside of the bucket 39. "lhis water is carried away through an outlet lpipe and into a suitable discharge hopper tlemnection is made from pipe 4Q to the water jacket 24 through which water passes under the oil in receptacle 10, thence through an opening formed in the casting into the water jacket 25 formed around the receptacle 103, from which the water is delivered through outlet pipe 43 into the discharge hopper 34. From this it will be seen that when the temperature of the oil in the'rcceptaele 10 becomes too low the thermostat is operated in one direction, thereby ol'ierating one of the electromagnets and the bucket 89 is swung into a" position to supply hot water to the water jackets Q11 and 25, the result being that the temperature of the oil is increased. lVhen the oil has increasei'l suliiciently in temperature the thermostat interrupts the circuit and the bucket 239 resumes its normal or middle. position due to the weight of the armature il-8. Il Afor any reason the temperature of the oil is increased above the proper point, the thermostat operates in the opposite direction and actuates the other electromagnet, thereby swinging the armature and the bucket to a position to supply cold water to the jackets 24- and 25, thereby cooling the oil until the desired temperw ture is reached, 4tor which condition the thermostat opens the circuit and the bucket 39' and armature 48 return to normal position. The results secured by this regulation are very im ortant, since a variation in temperature o4 one-hall" a degree Fahrenheit causes a perceptible change, and a variation of one degree causes a serious change in t-he quality of the gas produced.

In order to stop the operation ofthe generator the handle 1G is moved to the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2 and the valve 14 is closed by means of the spring 17 which prevents further flow of oil from the, receptacle 103 into the chamber 1 and thus the production of gas is interrupted.

Tn my invention I find it uesiralle to ernploy an adjustable orifice 5, as shown in Fig. 10. This consists in two superp'osed plates each having an elliptical opening therein, the lower one, 117, fixed, and the upper onel` 118, adjustable relatively thereto. The elliptical 4openings in the two plates are equal and so disposed that their major axes coincide and are in the line of adjustment of the upper plate, as a esult of which when the orifice is adjusted for full openin it is equal to the opening in either plate an as the orifice is contracted in size by the adjustment of the upper plate an opening is maintained of more or less circular form for considerable variations in the area of the orifice, which is desirable in order that the law governing the flow of gases through circular openings may hold practically true for all ranges of adjustment .necessary. The'upper plate 118 is provided with lugs;l 119 and 120 for limiting its motion in either direction, and an adjustable stop 121 is provided lfor the lu 120 in order. that the orif lice may be at'usted to its minimum size when desired, as for starting the generator, and then returned to a previous desired setting Without special adjustment after the generator has started. This position may be determined by the output required of the generator or for the particular condiof the inner part of the generator a removable brick 81 is provided in the rear wall which may be removed by removing the plate 83 from the back of the generator. In addition to this a sieht opening 122 is provideddn the front ci5 the generator through which a` view of the lower edge of the inclined plane may be had, which is very desirable at times to determine whether the oil edto the generator is of the proper amount. This sight opening 122 is arranged to be Opened or closed y means .of a swinging gate 123.

As shown in Fig. 11, ll tind it desirable in some instances tov use a modified form of inclined plane GE, in which the oil is supplied through a plurality of openings 8 instead of one continuous opening, as in the construction Ashown in Fig. 2. l also find it desirable in some cases to form the -lower edge of the inclined plane Gi1 irregular as indicated in Fig. 11, by which construction l secure a larger area of contact between the air and the oil film and thus facilitate the carrying of the oil particles by the air into the `combustion zone. ln cases where it is desirable to use the form of lower edge of inclined plane shown in Fig. 1l, this edge should occupy such a position relatively to the top of the castingr that the total air opening between the inclined plane and the top of the casting is the suingl as in the modification shown in Fig. 2.

Vilhile I have shown my invention in the embodiment herein described, l do not limit myself to this construction, but desire to claim broadly any equivalent means For accomplishingthe same results.

lVhat l claim is:

l. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas..1ncans for supplying liquid fuel to siwhchaiubcr, and means for directing air under pressure lo such cl1amber,such fuel supplying nrcuus so constructed as to 'regulate the quantity ot fuel supplied tu such chamber' by the direct action of the pressure in such chamber u on the fuel.

In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fueiwto such chamber, and means for directing air under pressure into such chamber', such uel supplying means so constructed as to control the quantity of fuel suppled toA such chamber by the action upon such uel of the dili'erence in pressure between the air supplied and the inside of such chamber.

3. ln a gas generator, a chamber for pro 'ducing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for varying the pressure in the chamber relatively to the pressure of the air supply for variations in the quantity of gas produced, and means for regulating the pres- Sure in the chamber relatively to the pressure of the air supply yfor a constant rate of gas production.

4.. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, a ymain for directing air under pressure into such chamber, and

.an adjustable orifice in such main, such orilice constituting means for varying the presn sure in the chamber relatively to the pressure in the air main for variations in the quantity of gas produced, such orilice also constituting means for regulating the pressure in the chamber .relatively to the pressure in the air main for a constant rate of gas production.

5. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such cliamber, and thermostatic controllingl means for maintaining practically constant the temperature of the fuel supplied to such chamber.

6. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, means for directing air under pressure intofsuch chamber, a flue for receiving the dissociated gases from the chamber, and means controlled by the temperature of the cliamber for supplyingA water vapor to the generator in proportion .to the temperature of such chamber.

7. lua gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid t'uel to such-chamber; means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, anda vertical flue adapted to receive, combine and lll tix the dissociated gases, such flue extending first upward and then downward to a snitable receptacle.

8. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, Vmeans for sipplying liquid fuel to such chamber, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for regulating the quantityr of fuel supplied to such chamber by the direct action of the pressure in such chamber upon such fuel, and means for .regulating the pressure in the chamber .relatively to the pressure of the air supply fora constant rate of gas production.

9. In a gas generator, a chamber for pro` dueing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber,means for directing air under pressure into suoli chamber, means for regulating the pressure in the chamber relatively to the pressure of the air supply fon-'a constant rate of gas production, and means for maintaining practically constant 'the temperature of the fuel supplied to such chamber.

10. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means 'for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, means for directing' air under pressure into such chamber, means for regulating the quantity of fuel supplied to such chamber bv the direct action of the pressure in such chamber upon such fuel, means for regulating.,r the pressure in the chamber relatively to the pressure of the air supply for a constant rate of gas production, and means for maintaining practically constant the temperature of the fuel sup plied to such chamber.

1,1. In a gas generator, a chamber l or producing the gas, means 'for supplying liquid fuel to such cli amber, means for directing` air under pressure into such chamber, means 'for regulating the quantity of' fuel supplied to such chamber by the direct action of the pressure in sueh cliamber upon such fuel, means for regulatine,r the pressure iii the chamber relatively to the pressure of' the air supply for a constant rate of gas production, means for maintaining practically constant the temperature of the fuel supplied to such chamber, a flue for receiving dissociated gases from the chamber, and means for adding Water vapor to such gases after dissocizu tion.

12. In a gas genera-tor, a cliamher for pro ducing the gas, means for supplying),r liquid fuel to such chamber, a main for directing air under pressure into such chamber, an adjustable orifice in such main, such orifice constituting means for regulating the pressure in the chamber relatively to the pressuie in the air main for a constant rate ot' gas'production, and means for controlling t'lie quantity of fuel supplied to such chainber by the direct action upon such fuel of the difference in pressure between the air-supply pipe and the inside of such chamber.

13. In aI gas' generator', ai chamber for pro.

4ducing the gasumeans for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, .a main for directing` nir under pressure into such chamber, an

'adjustable orifice in such main. such crime constituting means for regulating the pres-i lsure in the chamber relatively to the presgas priuluotion, and means 'for maintainin practically constant. the viscosity of the fue Isupplied to such chai'nber.

il. .ln a gas generator, a chamber for producingi' the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, a main for directing air under pressure into such chamber, an adjustable oritice in such main, such orifice constituting.,r means for regulating the pres- .sure in the chamber relatively to the pres sure in the air main for -a constant rate 'of gas moduction, means for controlling the quantity of fuel supplied to suoli chamber bv the direct action upon such fuel of the difference in pressure bet ween the air main and the inside ol such chamber` and means .for maintaining practicallv constant the viscosit-y of the fuel supplied to such chamber.

15. In a gus tgenerator, a chamber for producing' the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, a main for directing air under pressure into such chamber, an adjustable orifictI in such main, such orifice constituting means for regulatingr the pressure in the chamber relatively to the pressure in the air main `for a constant rate of gas piirduction. means l'or controlling the quantity ot' fucl supplied to such chamber by the dii-ect` action upon such fuel of' the difference. in pressure between thc air main und the inside of such clianibcr, a flue for receiving; the dissociated eases from the lclianilair, und means for adding steain to such ,erases after dissociation.

lt'i, in a gas generator, a chamber for producing; the gas, means for supplying oil to such chamber, :i main for supplyingi air under prtesurc to such chamber. moans in such main for rcstrii-tinir the flou' of air into such chamber and thereby maintaining the pressure in the main higher than the pressure in the chamber when air is beine' snpplied thereto, and means for regulating thc quantity of oil supplied to such chamber by the direct action of the pressure in such chamber upon such o il.

l 17. In a ,eins generator, a chamber for producing gas, means for supplyingr oil to suoli chan'ibcr, a main for supplyingr air under pressure to suoli clian'iber, means in such main :for restricting.;r the flow of air into suoli chamber and therebymaintaining the pres? sure in the main" higher than the pressure in t'hc chamber when air is being supplied thcreto, and means for controlling the.

t uantity of oil supplied to such chamber bv tlhe direct action upon such oil of the difference in pressure between the air supply main and the inside of such chamber.

18. In a gas generator` a chamber -for producing' the gus, :i first incloscd oil receptacle opening into such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitsurefin the air main for a constant rate of able oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles or supplying oil from such sec- ZIB lili? ond receptacle 'to such first receptacle, the opening between such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply'oil to such chamber and to maintain the. pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for maintaining a pracy vopening into such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying oil from such second' receptacle to such first receptacle, the opening between such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the'pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in '.h'e chamber, means for maintaining a prac- ;ically constant depth of oil in the second receptacle, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, and means for maintaining the pressure in such'fsecond receptacle equal tothe pressure in the air main for different velocities of air How in the air main at the same pressure.

20. In a gas generator, a chamber` for producing the gas, a first inclosed oil receptacle opening into such clfamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with.I a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying oil from such second receptacle to such first 'p receptacle, the opening between' such iirst 'receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for'maintaining a practically constant depth of oil in the second receptacle, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, and means for varying' the pressure in such second re` ceptacle relatively to the pressure in the air main for different velocities of air 'flour in the main.`

21. IIn a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, a first inclosed oil receptacle opening,- into such. chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a 'conduit between the recep -iacles for supplying; oil from such second receptacle'to such first receptacle, the opening lbetween suchfirst receptacle and the chamber adapted to'supply oil to such cham-` ber-.and to maintain the pressure in ysuch receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for maintaining. a practically constant depth. of oil in the second recepfacie, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for maintaining the pressure in such second receptacle equal to the pressure in the air main, and means for maintaining' the oll 1n such second receptacle at practically constant temperature.

22. ln a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, aA first inclosed 011 receptacle opening into such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a. suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the recep tacles for supplying oil from such second receptaclc to such first receptacle, the opening between such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such first receptacle l qual to the pressure in the chamber, means for maintaining a practically constant depth of. oil in the second receptacle, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for maintaining a pressure in such second receptacle equal to -the pressure in the air main, and meansfor maintaining the rate of flow from such first receptacle into thechamber practically con-y stant for the same difference of pressure between the two receptacles.A

23. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, a first inclosed oil receptacle opening, into such chamber, asecond inclosed oil receptacle connected Awith a suitable oil supply pipe, la conduit between the recep tacles for suppl-yingoil from, such second receptacle to such first receptacle, the opening between such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for maintaining a practically constant depth of oil in the second receptacle, means for directing air Yunder pressure into such chamber, means for maintaining the pressure in such second receptacle equal tothe pressure .inl the air main, and means for maintaining the rate of 'How from such -iirst receptacle into the chamber practically the chamber adapted to supply oil to such.

chamber and to maintain the pressure in suoli' first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, meairs for maintaining a practically constant'depth ofxoil 4in'the second receptacle, means for directing,- air under pressureinto such chamber, means tor maintaining the pressine in such second recepita cle equal to the rassure in theair main and l. w v i 7 ioo Loren 1e means for maintaining` the rate of flow from such first receptacle into the chamber' practically constant for the same difference ol pressure between the two receptacles, such dill'erenee in pressure between the two receptaeles operating to cause a flow ol oil from the tirst receptacle into the chamber proportional to such difl'erence in pressure.

25. ln a gas generator, a chamber 'tor proelucing1 the gas, a first inelosed oil reoeifitacle opening into such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying oil fromsueh second receptacle to such first receptacle, the opening between such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for n'iaintainingl a practically constant depth o't' oil in the second receptacle, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, and means 'for ma intain ing the pressure in such second receptacle equal to the pressure in the air main, the pressure in the second receptacle operating' for a lesser pressure Vin the first rcctqitacle to cause the l'low oit oil from the first receptacle into the chamber.

2li. In a gas generator, a ehaunber `ter pro ducting' thegas, a first inclosed oil receptacle opening into such chamber, a second inelosed eil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the reeeptacles for supplying oil 'from such second receptacle to such first receptacle, the opening between such tlrst receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chan'iber and to maintain the pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for nniinlainiiur a prac-v tically constant depth ot' oil in the second re ceptacle, means for directing' air under presssure into such chamber', and means for maintaining the ln'essure in auch second receptacle equal to the pressure in the air main, the pressure in the sei-.cnil re eeptaele operating for a` lesser pressure p in the firstreceptacle to cause the flou' of oil from the first receptacle into the chamber and from the second receptacle to the first receptacle.

527. ln a gas generator, a cham'ber tor pi'o ducing the gas, a, first inclosecl oil reeeplarle opening into such ehaml, a second incluse-d oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil slqiplypipe, a conduit between the receptaeles tor supplying oil jfrom snrh second rev ceptacle to such lirst receptacle, the opening' between such tirst rectqitacle and the chambei.' adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in soi-h first ri ceptaclc equal to the pressure. in the chain ber, meanty ter main aininfgg :i prac! irallj,r constant depth ol' oil in, the second reco; la-

cle, means for directing airunnder pressure into such chamber, means for maintainiinx, the pressure. in such second receptacle equal to the pressure in the air main, and meanvy for maintaining the rate ot flow from such first receptacle into the cban'lber praetitadli' constant :for the same dillerence of pre. between the two rectqitacles, such differ( te in pressure betweenv the two receptacles nierating to cause a low of oil 'from the lirst receptacle into the chamber, whereby the 'atio ol the quantity of? oil supplied to the chamber lrelatively to the amount ot air sup-A plied to the chamber is maintained pract';

:ally constant.

2S. In a gas generator, a chamber for pra ducing the gas, a .first il'ielbsed oil receptacle openingr into such chamber, a seeond inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suit able oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying oil from such second receptacle to such first receptacle, tbe

opening between such first reerqitaele and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maint-ain the presi-:nre in such first receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means -lor maintaining a practieally constant depth of oil in the second reeeptacle, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, and, means lier maiiltaining the in'essure in such second receptacle equal to the pressure in the ai." main, the pressure in the second retaqitaole operating :tor a lesser pressure in the lirst receptacle to cause the flow ot' oil .from the first receptacle into the elmmlnur, wherebyv the ratio of the quantity ci oil supplied. to the chamber relatively to the auuniinz of aia:` supplied to the chamber is maintained prac tically constant,

ill). `ln reggae generator, a chamber Vfor producing' the gas, a first .inclosed oil receptacle openingrg' into such chamber, a second in-y closed oil receptacle connected with a suit-- able oil siqjiply pipe, a comluit betuuieu the recelfilacles lor supplyingY oil from such seeond receptacle to such first receptacle, the openinpr between such first reeiqilurle and the chamber adapted to supply oil lo suela chamber und to maintain the pressure in such first receptacle equal to the pre-:sure in the chamber, means for naiintaininpj a l' 'ac tically constant depth of oil in the soemid reccqalucle, means 'for directing' air under pressure into such chamber, u cans for maintaining' the pressure in such serond receptacle equal to the pressure in fir,` air main, and a therniostat in the oil in such recep-` tacles lor maintaii'fing the temperature nl the oil praeti zallyronstalu.

5:20. Aln a gus generalon a cha mber lor pro duf-.innl the gras, alirst inclusol oli rmreplaole opening' into such chambern i second inclosed oil rei-unable rounectoi .with a suitable oil suppl)Y pipo, a conduit bei .reen the fait il ce rui arca

'receptacles lor supplying oil from such second receptacle to such tlrst receptacle, the opening between such tiret receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to suoli chamber and to maintain the pressure in such iirst receptacle equal to the pressure. in the fhamb r, meanc for maintaining a prac'M constant depth of oil in. the second receptacle, means for directing air under pressure. into such chamber, means for maintaining the pressure in such second receptacle equal to the pressure in the. air mainsy a Water jacket associated with one of such receptacles, and a thermostat in the oil contained in such. receptacles, such thermostat serving to maintain practically constant. the temperature of the water in thewater jacket.

3l. ln a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, a first inclosed oil receptacle opening into such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying oil from such second receptacle to such vfirst receptacle, the opening between. such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such rst receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means tor maintaining a pracn tically constantdepth ozt oil in the. second receptacle, means Jfor directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for maintaining the pressure in such second receptaole equal to the pressure i'n the air main, a water jacket-associated with one of such receptacles, mechanism for supplying hotl or cold water to such water 'jacket as desired, and a thermostatv in the oil contained in such receptacles, such thermostat serving to operate such mechanism to maintain practically constant the temperature of the water in the water aclret.

lp a `gas generator, a chamber ter producingr the gas, a ti inclosed oil. receptacle openin into such cl nberya second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying` oil from such second receptacle to such first receptacle, the opening lixetween such lirst receptacle and the cha1nber adapted lto supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such first. receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means torv maintaining a practicallyr constant depth ot oil in the second receptacle, means for directing air .under pressure into such chamber, means for maintaining the pressure in such second receptacle equal to thepressure in the air main, and means for adjusting-'the relation between the pressures in such receptacles to compensate 'for the variation in 'the ratioolf llow resistance to quantity of oil supplied to the chain-` bei', wliereby the ratio of such oil to the air supplied to such chamb .r is maintainedA practically constant.

53? ln a gas generator, a chamber for producing 'the gras, a lirst inclosed oil receptacle opening` into such chamber, a second incluse-d oil i'cceptat-:lc connected with a suit"- ablc oil supply pipe, a conduit between the ref-cptaclcs tor supplying oil from such second receptacle to such first receptacle, tbc opening between such irst receptacle and the clrantbr-u' adapted to supply oil to such lian'iber and to maintain pressure in such tirst receptacle equal to the prcssiglre in tbe clnunber, means Vlor maintaining.,l` a practically constant depth of oil in the second receptacle, means lor directingT air under prevenire into such cli-(miller, and means for,

:uljustinn the relation between the pressures in such second receptacle and the air main to compensate for the Variation inthe ratio et llow resistance to quantity ot oil supplied to the chamber, wlnircby the ratio of such oil to the. air supplied to such chamber ismaintained 'Inactically constant.

Bft. lu a gras generator, a chamber for pro- (lucing the gras,V` a tlrst inclosed oil receptacle opening int o such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a, conduit l'etween the receptacles for supplying oil from such second rcceptaclc to such first receptacle, the opening between such first receptacle and the chainber adapted to supply oil to such chamber and to maintain the pressure in such first 'rel cept-nele equal to the pressure in the chamn ber, means for maintaining a practically constant depth of oil in the second receptacle, moans for directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for maintaining:

the pressure in such second receptacle equalto the pressure in the air main, means for :uljustingthe relation between the pressures in such receptacles to compensate for the variation in the ratio of flow resistance to quantity ot oil supplied tothe chamberl wnereby the ratio of such oil to the air sup plied to such' chamber is maintained practically constant, and means for adjusting the ratio ot suchnfucl to 'the air supplied.

lin a `as z(generator, a chamber for pro-A ducing the gas, a rst inclosed oil receptacle opening into such chamber, a second inclosed oil receptacle'connected with a suitable oil supply pipe, a conduit between the receptacles for supplying oil from such second receptacle to such first receptacle, the openinp,d between such first receptacle and the chamber adapted to supply oil to such chamber 'and to maintain the pressure in such tlrsl' receptacle equal to the pressure in the chamber, means for nmintaininar a practically constant depth otoil in the second receptacle, `means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, means for -adj usting the relation between the pressures in such second receptacle and the air main to compensate for the variation in the ratio of fiow resistance to quantity of oil supplied to the chamber whereby the ratio of such oil to the air supplied to such chamber is maintained practically constant, and means for adjusting the ratio of such fuel to the air supplied.

36. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, means for directing air into such chamber, and means for containing a Vertical column of such fuel in communication with the chamber, such c'olumn `so contained as to vary in height for variations in pressure in the chamber, variations in the height of such column serving to vary the quantity of fuel supplied to the chamber.

37. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, means for directing air under pressure into such chamber, and means for maintaining practically constant the temperature of thc fuel supplied to such chamber.

38. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, and a thermostat in such fuel for maintaining practically constant the viscosity of the fuel supplied to such chamber'.

39. In a gas generator', a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, a water-jacketed receptacle for such fuel, and means for maintaining practically constant the temperature of the water in such water jacket.

40, In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplying liquid fuel to such chamber, a Water-jackcted receptacle for such fuel, and a thermostat in such fuel for maintaining practically constant the temperature of the water` insuch Water jacket.

4l. ln a gas generator, a chamber for producing gas from liquid fuel, and means for so maintaining` a column of fuel in communication with the' chamber that Variations in the pressure in the chamber produce variations in the height of such column.

4t2. ln a gas generator, a chamber for producing gas from liquid fuel, means for so maintaining a column of fuel in communication with the chamber that variations in thc pressure in the chamber produce variations in the height of such column, and means for supplying fuel from such column to the chamber in quantities jnoliortional to the height of the column.

1123. ln a gas generator, a chamber for producing gas from liquid fuel, a receptacle for containing the liquid fuel, such receptacle having a delivery opening leading therefrom to thc chamber, such receptacle and deliveryopening so disposed that variations in pressure in the chamber produce corresponding variations in the quantity of fuel delivered through such opening.

stil. 1n a gas generator, a chamber for producing gas from liquid fuel, a receptacle for containing the liquid fuel, such receptacle ha ring a delivery opening leading therefrom to the chamber adapted to subject the surface of the liquid in the receptacle to the pressure in the ehaniber, such receptacle and delivery openingr so disposed that variations in pressure in the chamber produce corresponding variations in the quantity of fuel delivered through such opening.

4.5. ln a gas generator, the combination of a chamber for prrulucing the gas, a liquid fuel receptacle associated with the Wall of the chamber, and an' open passage from the chamber to the top of the receptacle. j

4o. In a gas generator, a chamber for producing the gas, means for supplving liquid fuel to such chamber, and means of the Wall of the chamber for containing a Vertical. column of such fuel in communication with the chamber, such column so contained as to vary in height for variations in pressure in the chamber.

In witness whereof7 I hereunto subscribe my name this 10th day of April, A. D. 1908.

(`) l-tVlLLlil l-I. ENSIGN.

lV it nesses t lV. Vanni-intuitiven, M. A. l( 1|..cou1:sn, 

